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Compare Nepal (2001) - Sierra Leone (2004)

Compare Nepal (2001) z Sierra Leone (2004)

 Nepal (2001)Sierra Leone (2004)
 NepalSierra Leone
Administrative divisions 14 zones (anchal, singular and plural); Bagmati, Bheri, Dhawalagiri, Gandaki, Janakpur, Karnali, Kosi, Lumbini, Mahakali, Mechi, Narayani, Rapti, Sagarmatha, Seti 3 provinces and 1 area*; Eastern, Northern, Southern, Western*
Age structure 0-14 years:
40.35% (male 5,267,234; female 4,933,910)

15-64 years:
56.16% (male 7,264,575; female 6,934,384)

65 years and over:
3.49% (male 437,813; female 446,547) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44.8% (male 1,291,621; female 1,343,827)


15-64 years: 52% (male 1,458,610; female 1,599,109)


65 years and over: 3.2% (male 91,232; female 99,490) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, root crops; milk, water buffalo meat rice, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, palm oil, peanuts; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports 45 (2000 est.) 10 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
8

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
6 (2000 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
37

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
29 (2000 est.)
total: 9


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total:
140,800 sq km

land:
136,800 sq km

water:
4,000 sq km
total: 71,740 sq km


land: 71,620 sq km


water: 120 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Arkansas slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background In 1951, the Nepalese monarch ended the century-old system of rule by hereditary premiers and instituted a cabinet system of government. Reforms in 1990 established a multiparty democracy within the framework of a constitutional monarchy. The refugee issue of some 100,000 Bhutanese in Nepal remains unresolved; 90% of these displaced persons are housed in seven United Nations Offices of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps. The 1991 to 2002 civil war between the government and the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and the displacement of more than 2 million people (well over one-third of the population), many of whom are now refugees in neighboring countries. With the support of the UN peacekeeping force and contributions from the World Bank and international community, demobilization and disarmament of the RUF and Civil Defense Forces (CDF) combatants has been completed. National elections were held in May 2002 and the government continues to slowly reestablish its authority. However, the gradual withdrawal of most UN Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) peacekeepers in 2004 and early 2005, deteriorating political and economic conditions in Guinea, and the tenuous security situation in neighboring Liberia may present challenges to the continuation of Sierra Leone's stability.
Birth rate 33.4 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 43.34 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$536 million

expenditures:
$818 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY96/97 est.)
revenues: $96 million


expenditures: $351 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2000 est.)
Capital Kathmandu Freetown
Climate varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 402 km
Constitution 9 November 1990 1 October 1991; subsequently amended several times
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Nepal

conventional short form:
Nepal
conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone


conventional short form: Sierra Leone
Currency Nepalese rupee (NPR) leone (SLL)
Death rate 10.22 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 20.62 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $2.4 billion (1997) $1.5 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ralph FRANK

embassy:
Pani Pokhari, Kathmandu

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[977] (1) 411179, 410531

FAX:
[977] (1) 419963
chief of mission: Ambassador Peter Russell CHAVEAS


embassy: Corner of Walpole and Siaka Stevens Streets, Freetown


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [232] (22) 226481 through 226485


FAX: [232] (22) 225471
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Damodar Prasad GAUTAM

chancery:
2131 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 667-4550

FAX:
[1] (202) 667-5534

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Ibrahim M. KAMARA


chancery: 1701 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 939-9261 through 9263


FAX: [1] (202) 483-1793
Disputes - international refugee issue over the presence in Nepal of approximately 98,700 Bhutanese refugees, 90% of whom are in seven United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) camps domestic fighting among disparate rebel groups, warlords, and youth gangs in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone have created insurgencies, street violence, looting, arms trafficking, ethnic conflicts, and refugees in border areas; in 2003, Guinea and Sierra Leone established a boundary commission to resolve a dispute over the town of Yenga
Economic aid - recipient $411 million (FY97/98) $103 million (2001 est.)
Economy - overview Nepal is among the poorest and least developed countries in the world with nearly half of its population living below the poverty line. Agriculture is the mainstay of the economy, providing a livelihood for over 80% of the population and accounting for 41% of GDP. Industrial activity mainly involves the processing of agricultural produce including jute, sugarcane, tobacco, and grain. Production of textiles and carpets has expanded recently and accounted for about 80% of foreign exchange earnings in the past three years. Agricultural production is growing by about 5% on average as compared with annual population growth of 2.3%. Since May 1991, the government has been moving forward with economic reforms, particularly those that encourage trade and foreign investment, e.g., by reducing business licenses and registration requirements in order to simplify investment procedures. The government has also been cutting expenditures by reducing subsidies, privatizing state industries, and laying off civil servants. More recently, however, political instability - five different governments over the past few years - has hampered Kathmandu's ability to forge consensus to implement key economic reforms. Nepal has considerable scope for accelerating economic growth by exploiting its potential in hydropower and tourism, areas of recent foreign investment interest. Prospects for foreign trade or investment in other sectors will remain poor, however, because of the small size of the economy, its technological backwardness, its remoteness, its landlocked geographic location, and its susceptibility to natural disaster. The international community's role of funding more than 60% of Nepal's development budget and more than 28% of total budgetary expenditures will likely continue as a major ingredient of growth. Sierra Leone is an extremely poor African nation with tremendous inequality in income distribution. It does have substantial mineral, agricultural, and fishery resources. However, the economic and social infrastructure is not well developed, and serious social disorders continue to hamper economic development, following a 11-year civil war. About two-thirds of the working-age population engages in subsistence agriculture. Manufacturing consists mainly of the processing of raw materials and of light manufacturing for the domestic market. Plans continue to reopen bauxite and rutile mines shut down during the conflict. The major source of hard currency consists of the mining of diamonds. The fate of the economy depends upon the maintenance of domestic peace and the continued receipt of substantial aid from abroad, which is essential to offset the severe trade imbalance and to supplement government revenues.
Electricity - consumption 1.309 billion kWh (1999) 232.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 68 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 210 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 1.255 billion kWh (1999) 250.1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
9.56%

hydro:
90.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Kanchan Kalan 70 m

highest point:
Mount Everest 8,850 m (1999 est.)
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Loma Mansa (Bintimani) 1,948 m
Environment - current issues deforestation (overuse of wood for fuel and lack of alternatives); contaminated water (with human and animal wastes, agricultural runoff, and industrial effluents); wildlife conservation; vehicular emissions rapid population growth pressuring the environment; overharvesting of timber, expansion of cattle grazing, and slash-and-burn agriculture have resulted in deforestation and soil exhaustion; civil war depleting natural resources; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups Brahman, Chetri, Newar, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, Rai, Limbu, Sherpa, Tharu, and others (1995) 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%), Creole (Krio) 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century), refugees from Liberia's recent civil war, small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Exchange rates Nepalese rupees per US dollar - 74.129 (January 2001), 71.104 (2000), 68.239 (1999), 65.976 (1998), 58.010 (1997), 56.692 (1996) leones per US dollar - 2,347.94 (2003), 2,099.03 (2002), 1,986.15 (2001), 2,092.12 (2000), 1,804.19 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
King GYANENDRA Bir Bikram Shah (succeeded to the throne 4 June 2001 following the death of his nephew King DIPENDRA Bir Bikram Shah)

head of government:
Prime Minister Girija Prasad KOIRALA (since 22 March 2000)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the prime minister

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

note:
King BIRENDRA Bir Bikram Shah Dev died in a bloody shooting at the royal palace on 1 June 2001 that also claimed the lives of most of the royal family; King BIRENDRA's son, Crown Price DIPENDRA, is believed to have been responsible for the shootings before fatally wounding himself; immediately following the shootings and while still clinging to life, DIPENDRA was crowned king; he died three days later and was succeeded by his uncle
chief of state: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (since 29 March 1996, reinstated 10 March 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Ministers of State appointed by the president with the approval of the House of Representatives; the cabinet is responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007); note - president's tenure of office is limited to two five-year terms


election results: Ahmad Tejan KABBAH reelected president; percent of vote - Ahmad Tejan KABBAH (SLPP) 70.6%, Ernest KOROMA (APC) 22.4%
Exports $485 million (f.o.b., 1998), but does not include unrecorded border trade with India NA (2001)
Exports - commodities carpets, clothing, leather goods, jute goods, grain diamonds, rutile, cocoa, coffee, fish (1999)
Exports - partners India 33%, US 26%, Germany 25% (FY97/98) Belgium 61.2%, Germany 14.2%, UK 4.5%, US 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year 16 July - 15 July calendar year
Flag description red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $33.7 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3.057 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
41%

industry:
22%

services:
37% (2000 est.)
agriculture: 49%


industry: 31%


services: 21% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,360 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $500 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3.7% (2000 est.) 6.5% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 28 00 N, 84 00 E 8 30 N, 11 30 W
Geography - note landlocked; strategic location between China and India; contains eight of world's 10 highest peaks rainfall along the coast can reach 495 cm (195 inches) a year, making it one of the wettest places along coastal, western Africa
Heliports - 2 (2003 est.)
Highways total:
13,223 km

paved:
4,073 km

unpaved:
9,150 km (April 1999)
total: 11,330 km


paved: 895 km


unpaved: 10,435 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.2%

highest 10%:
29.8% (1995-96)
lowest 10%: 0.5%


highest 10%: 43.6% (1989)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West -
Imports $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1998) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities gold, machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fuels and lubricants, chemicals (1995)
Imports - partners India 31%, China/Hong Kong 16%, Singapore 14% (FY97/98) Germany 23.7%, UK 9.9%, Cote d'Ivoire 7.4%, France 7.4%, US 5.3%, Netherlands 5.1%, Ukraine 4.6% (2003)
Independence 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah) 27 April 1961 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA
Industries tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production mining (diamonds); small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining
Infant mortality rate 74.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 145.24 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 162.64 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 127.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.3% (FY99/00 est.) 1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 6 (2000) -
Irrigated land 8,500 sq km (1993 est.) 290 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Sarbochha Adalat (chief justice is appointed by the monarch on recommendation of the Constitutional Council; the other judges are appointed by the monarch on the recommendation of the Judicial Council) Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Labor force 10 million (1996 est.)

note:
severe lack of skilled labor
1.369 million (1981 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 81%, services 16%, industry 3% agriculture NA, industry NA, services NA
Land boundaries total:
2,926 km

border countries:
China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km
total: 958 km


border countries: Guinea 652 km, Liberia 306 km
Land use arable land:
17%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
15%

forests and woodland:
42%

other:
26% (1993 est.)
arable land: 6.98%


permanent crops: 0.89%


other: 92.13% (2001)
Languages Nepali (official; spoken by 90% of the population), about a dozen other languages and about 30 major dialects; note - many in government and business also speak English (1995) English (official, regular use limited to literate minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne (principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
Legal system based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the National Council (60 seats; 35 appointed by the House of Representatives, 10 by the king, and 15 elected by an electoral college; one-third of the members elected every two years to serve six-year terms) and the House of Representatives (205 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
House of Representatives - last held 3 and 17 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2004)

election results:
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NC 37.3%, CPN/UML 31.6%, NDP 10.4%, NSP 3.2%, Rastriya Jana Morcha 1.4%, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 0.8%, NWPP 0.5%, others 14.8%; seats by party - NC 113, CPN/UML 69, NDP 11, NSP 5, Rastriya Jana Morcha 5, Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal 1, NWPP 1
unicameral Parliament (124 seats - 112 elected by popular vote, 12 filled by paramount chiefs elected in separate elections; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 14 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - SLPP 70.06%, APC 22.35%, PLP 3%, others 4.59%; seats by party - SLPP 83, APC 27, PLP 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
58.22 years

male:
58.65 years

female:
57.77 years (2001 est.)
total population: 42.69 years


male: 40.23 years


female: 45.21 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
27.5%

male:
40.9%

female:
14% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic


total population: 31.4%


male: 45.4%


female: 18.2% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Asia, between China and India Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,435 GRT/8,750 DWT


by type: cargo 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches Royal Nepalese Army (includes Royal Nepalese Army Air Service), Nepalese Police Force Army (RSLAF)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $44 million (FY96/97) $11.7 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.9% (FY96/97) 1.5% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
6,295,990 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,265,140 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
3,272,077 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 614,338 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
292,589 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Birthday of King GYANENDRA, 7 July (1946) Independence Day, 27 April (1961)
Nationality noun:
Nepalese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Nepalese
noun: Sierra Leonean(s)


adjective: Sierra Leonean
Natural hazards severe thunderstorms, flooding, landslides, drought, and famine depending on the timing, intensity, and duration of the summer monsoons dry, sand-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to February); sandstorms, dust storms
Natural resources quartz, water, timber, hydropower, scenic beauty, small deposits of lignite, copper, cobalt, iron ore diamonds, titanium ore, bauxite, iron ore, gold, chromite
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP [Gajendra Narayan SINGH, president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chair]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president, Sushil KOIRALA, general secretary]; Rastriya Jana Morcha [Chitra Bahadur K. C., chairman]; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [Lila Mani POKHAREL, general secretary] All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others
Political pressure groups and leaders Maoist guerrilla-based insurgency; numerous small, left-leaning student groups in the capital; several small, radical Nepalese antimonarchist groups Trade Unions and Student Unions
Population 25,284,463 (July 2001 est.) 5,883,889 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 42% (FY95/96 est.) 68% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 2.32% (2001 est.) 2.27% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors none Bonthe, Freetown, Pepel
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (January 2000) AM 1, FM 9, shortwave 1 (1999)
Radios 840,000 (1997) -
Railways total:
59 km; note - all in Kosi close to Indian border

narrow gauge:
59 km 0.762-m gauge (2000)
-
Religions Hinduism 86.2%, Buddhism 7.8%, Islam 3.8%, other 2.2%

note:
only official Hindu state in the world (1995)
Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
1.05 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female


total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network

domestic:
NA

international:
radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service


domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema


international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 236,816 (January 2000) 24,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 67,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 1 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998) 2 (1999)
Terrain Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Total fertility rate 4.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.79 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate NA%; substantial underemployment (1999) NA
Waterways none 800 km (2003)
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